Subactute Granulomatous Thyroiditis or De Quervain Thyroiditis is an inflammation of Thyroid gland often after an infection of upper respiratory tract that can be characterized by appearance of multinucleate giant cells. Like most Thyroiditis, it affects women more by factor of 4:1.
This type of Thyroiditis is self-limiting and will resolve after a few months. It is associated by infection from measles, mumps, adenovirus, coxsackievirus, etc. It is believed that the virus antigen stimulate CD8+ T lymphocytes activity against thyroid cells damaging the follicles and causing colloid leakage. Because colloid is normally contained inside follicles, the immune system mistake this colloid leakage as foreign material causing macrophage activation. The macrophages then try to engulf and surround the colloid. In the process, they become multinucleate giant cells as seen on above picture.
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